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15.C【详解】着丝粒分裂发生于有丝分裂后期，A错误；染色体发生异常横裂后，染色体结构异常，但染色体数目不变，B错误，C正确；等臂染色体与正常染色体上存在同源区段，可通过通过同源区段与正常染色体联会，D错误。故选C。

As we know, there are differences between western culture and Chinese culture. We can see differences when we pay attention to the way words are used. Let’s look at the words about animals and plants. Most expressions in Chinese about the dog, for example, “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog”, “a running dog” and “a dog catching a mouse”, have negative meanings. But in western countries, dogs are thought to be honest and good friends of humans. In English, people use the dog to describe positive actions. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck sometimes. To describe a person’s serious illness, they say “sick as a dog”. The word “dog-tired” means very tired. However, Chinese love cats very much. But in western culture, “cat” is often used to describe a woman who is cruel. There are many other examples of how “cat” is used differently as well.

The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People think the rose stands for love, peace, courage and friendship. And the rose is the national flower of England, America and many other countries.

The words about plants and animals are used in positive or negative ways in different cultures. We can learn about many differences in cultures by comparing how some words are used.

1.“Every dog has its day” means “__________”.

A. Everybody in the world is lucky.

B. Each person lives his own way of life.

C. If one works hard, he’s sure to succeed.

D. Everybody has a time in life to be lucky.

2.Western people usually use “cat” to refer to “_____________”.

A. a tired person B. a brave man

C. a homeless person D. an unkind woman

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Words show differences in culture.

B. Chinese people prefer dogs to cats.

C. Western people think cats to be good friends.

D. Rose is the national flower of all western countries.

4.What’s the best title for the passage?

A. Negative and Positive Words.

B. Different Countries Have Different Culture.

C. Rose Means the Same in Chinese and English.

D. What Dog and Cat Mean in English and Chinese.

试题答案

1.D

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：这篇短文以一些动植物在语言中的象征意义差异为例，来介绍不同的国家都有不同的文化。

1.根据And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck sometimes.描述，可知这句话指的是每个人都有幸运的时候，故选D。

2.根据But in western culture, “cat” is often used to describe a woman who is cruel(残酷的)。描述，可知选D。

3.根据第一段As we know, there are differences between western culture and Chinese culture. We can see differences when we pay attention to the way words are used.描述，可知选A。

4.这篇短文主要描述了不同的国家有不同的文化，故选B。

考点：文化差异类文章

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